Trade & PolicyIntermediate
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Tariffs, Trade Policy and Prices: Who Really Pays?
Tariffs look like simple taxes on imports, but their effects spread through consumers, firms, inflation and global supply chains.
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Finance ideas students can actually use.
Read short, practical explainers that connect markets, money, debt, policy, and household decisions to the simulations inside Phronesia.
Trade & PolicyTax & Public FinanceMonetary PolicyPersonal FinanceInvesting
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Short articles designed to help students understand the ideas behind the simulations.
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Household Debt: When Borrowing Becomes a Financial Risk
Consumer loans can support spending, but too much household debt weakens financial resilience and increases crisis risk.
Stocks, Bonds and the Rise of Retail Investors in Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan’s retail investor growth shows why students need to understand stocks, bonds, risk and diversification.
Exchange Rates: Why Currency Movements Affect Everyone
Exchange rates connect imports, inflation, reserves, investor confidence and household purchasing power.
Government Debt, Bonds and Yields: How Countries Borrow
Government debt can finance growth, but rising yields and weak credibility can turn borrowing into a crisis.
Why Financial Literacy Should Be Learned Through Simulation
Students remember financial concepts better when they make decisions, see consequences and reflect on trade-offs.
Central Banks and Inflation Expectations: Why Trust Matters
Central banks do not only manage interest rates; they also manage expectations, credibility and trust.
Sri Lanka 2022: What Happens When a Country Runs Out of Dollars?
Sri Lanka’s 2022 crisis shows how foreign reserves, imports, debt, inflation and social stability can collapse together.